1. 电池的基本原理 电池是一种能够将化学能转化为电能的装置。它由正极、负极和电解质组成。当电池连接到电路中时，化学反应在电极之间发生，产生电流。正极和负极之间的电子流动产生了电压，驱动电流在电路中流动。 2. 常见的电池类型 目前市场上常见的电池类型包括碱性电池、锂离子电池、镍氢电池和铅酸电池。碱性电池是最常见的一种，适用于低功率设备。锂离子电池具有高能量密度和长寿命，被广泛应用于移动设备和电动汽车。镍氢电池在高功率应用中表现出色，如数码相机和无人机。铅酸电池则主要用于汽车起动和备用电源。

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